Thaumatophyllum brasiliense

Brazilian tree philodendron

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Taxonomy

Description

Thaumatophyllum brasiliense is a self‑heading, trunk-forming aroid from Brazil with bold, deeply lobed leaves. It thrives in bright, warm, humid conditions and makes a sculptural focal point indoors or in tropical gardens.

Common Names

Brazilian tree philodendronBrazilian ThaumatophyllumT. brasiliense

Context

nativeRegion

Brazil (primarily eastern/southeastern regions, tropical forests and edges).

usdaZones

10–11 (can be grown indoors in cooler zones).

companionPlants

Monstera deliciosa, Anthurium species, Alocasia species, Philodendron bipinnatifidum, Syngonium podophyllum, Epipremnum aureum, Aglaonema commutatum, Calathea/Goeppertia species

culturalUses

Ornamental specimen for tropical landscaping and contemporary interiors; valued by aroid collectors for its architectural foliage.

Care

Care Requirements

LightBright, indirect light to light dappled sun; avoid harsh midday sun indoors. Outdoors, morning sun with afternoon shade.

WateringWater when the top 1–2 inches (2.5–5 cm) of mix is dry. Keep evenly moist in growth; let dry slightly more in cooler months.

SoilAiry, fast‑draining aroid mix: 40% chunky bark, 20% perlite/pumice, 20% coco coir/peat, 10% compost, 10% charcoal; slightly acidic to neutral pH.

FertilizerDuring spring–summer, feed monthly at 1/4–1/2 strength with a balanced liquid (e.g., 3‑1‑2). Optionally use a slow‑release aroid fertilizer every 3–4 months.

HumidityPrefers 50–70% RH; tolerates ~40% with good airflow. Increase humidity in heated homes or during dry spells.

TemperatureIdeal 65–85°F (18–29°C). Avoid prolonged exposure below 55°F (13°C) and protect from drafts.

Growth & Life Cycle

HabitEvergreen, self‑heading (non‑climbing) aroid forming a trunk with a rosette of deeply lobed leaves.

Mature SizeIndoors 3–5 ft tall and wide (0.9–1.5 m); outdoors 5–8+ ft tall, 4–6 ft spread (1.5–2.5 m).

Growth RateModerate, faster in warmth, bright light, and high humidity.

BloomingAraceae inflorescences (spadix with spathe), typically in warm months; uncommon indoors.

DormancyNo true dormancy; growth slows in cooler, darker months.

Propagation

MethodsDivision of basal offsets, Top/trunk cuttings with nodes, Air layering, Seed (rare in cultivation)

DifficultyModerate

Best SeasonSpring to early summer

Maintenance & Notes

PruningRemove yellowing or damaged leaves at the base; thin older leaves to maintain form. Clean dust from foliage to maximize photosynthesis.

RepottingRepot every 1–2 years when rootbound; move up 1–2 inches in diameter with fresh, chunky mix. Heavy pots help stabilize the trunk.

Pests & DiseasesWatch for spider mites, thrips, mealybugs, and scale; treat early with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil. Prevent root rot with drainage and measured watering; occasional bacterial leaf spot possible—remove affected tissue and improve airflow.

ToxicityToxic if ingested (insoluble calcium oxalates). Can cause oral irritation; keep away from pets and children.

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