Alocasia
Alocasia
Elephant Ear
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Description
Alocasia, known for its dramatic, arrow- or heart-shaped leaves and bold veining, brings a lush, tropical vibe indoors. With bright indirect light, steady moisture, and high humidity, these striking aroids reward you with architectural foliage and lively growth.
Common Names
Elephant EarAfrican Mask PlantKris PlantJewel Alocasia
Context
nativeRegion
Tropical and subtropical Asia to Western Pacific (Southeast Asia, Malesia, New Guinea).
usdaZones
9-11 outdoors (frost sensitive; grow as houseplant in cooler zones).
companionPlants
Philodendron, Monstera, Anthurium, Caladium, Ferns, Begonia, Peperomia
culturalUses
Primarily ornamental for foliage indoors and in tropical landscapes; some species (e.g., A. macrorrhizos) have been traditionally processed for food in certain regions, but plants are toxic raw and handling requires expertise.
Care
Care Requirements
LightBright, indirect light; avoid harsh midday sun. Can tolerate medium light but growth slows.
WateringKeep evenly moist in active growth; allow top 1-2 inches of soil to dry. Reduce in winter/dormancy. Never let sit in water.
SoilAiry, fast-draining aroid mix: potting soil with chunky bark, perlite, and some coco coir; pH slightly acidic to neutral.
FertilizerHalf-strength balanced liquid fertilizer every 2-4 weeks in spring-summer; pause or reduce in fall-winter.
HumidityHigh humidity (60-80%); use a humidifier or pebble tray and ensure good airflow to prevent disease.
TemperatureWarm: 65-85 F (18-29 C). Avoid drafts and temps below 60 F (16 C).
Growth & Life Cycle
HabitRhizomatous/corm-forming herbaceous perennial with upright, clumping growth.
Mature Size1-3 ft for compact species; up to 6-10+ ft for giant types (outdoors).
Growth RateModerate to fast in warm, bright, humid conditions; slower in low light or cool temps.
BloomingOccasional arum-type spathe and spadix; rarely notable indoors and usually secondary to foliage.
DormancyMay enter partial or full dormancy in winter or stress; leaves can die back—keep barely moist and warm until regrowth.
Propagation
MethodsDivision of clumps, Separating offsets/pups, Corms (from the soil/rhizome), Tissue culture (commercial)
DifficultyEasy to moderate (division/offsets); corm propagation moderate.
Best SeasonSpring to early summer, when active growth resumes.
Maintenance & Notes
PruningRegularly remove yellow or damaged leaves at the base with sterile shears; wipe dust from leaves to aid photosynthesis.
RepottingRepot every 1-2 years in spring. Choose a pot only 1 size up with excellent drainage; Alocasia dislike oversized pots.
Pests & DiseasesWatch for spider mites, thrips, mealybugs, and scale. Prevent root rot with drainage and careful watering. Possible bacterial/fungal leaf spots; improve airflow and avoid wet leaves.
ToxicityToxic to pets and humans if ingested (insoluble calcium oxalate crystals); may irritate skin—use gloves when handling.
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