Euphorbia tirucalli
Euphorbia tirucalli
Firesticks
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Taxonomy
Family Euphorbiaceae · Genus Euphorbia
Common Names
FiresticksPencil CactusMilk BushSticks on Fire'Firesticks'
Context
nativeRegion
Eastern and Southern Africa
usdaZones
10-12
companionPlants
Aloe spp., Agave spp., Kalanchoe spp., Opuntia spp.
culturalUses
Traditionally used as a hedge and for medicinal purposes in Africa (note: toxic and not recommended for home remedies); sometimes planted for erosion control.
Care
Care Requirements
LightFull sun to bright, indirect light; tolerates partial shade but grows best with ample sunlight.
WateringAllow soil to dry out completely between waterings; drought-tolerant; avoid overwatering as roots are prone to rot.
SoilWell-draining, sandy or cactus potting mix; avoid heavy, moisture-retentive soils.
FertilizerFeed lightly with a balanced, diluted liquid fertilizer during the growing season (spring-summer); not required in winter.
HumidityPrefers low to average household humidity; highly tolerant of dry air.
TemperatureWarm temperatures between 18°C to 29°C (65°F to 85°F); protect from frost, minimum 10°C (50°F).
Growth & Life Cycle
HabitSucculent shrub or small tree with pencil-like, green branches; upright and sparsely leafed.
Mature SizeUp to 9 meters (30 ft) in the wild, usually 1-2 meters (3-7 ft) indoors.
Growth RateModerate to fast under optimal conditions.
BloomingProduces small, inconspicuous yellow flowers, usually in late spring to summer.
DormancyNo distinct dormancy; growth slows in cooler months.
Propagation
MethodsStem cuttings
DifficultyEasy
Best SeasonSpring to early summer
Maintenance & Notes
PruningPrune to manage shape and size; wear gloves as sap is highly irritating.
RepottingRepot every 2-3 years or when rootbound; choose a slightly larger container with drainage holes.
Pests & DiseasesGenerally pest-resistant; may encounter spider mites or mealybugs if stressed. Overwatering can cause root rot.
ToxicityHighly toxic; milky sap causes severe irritation on skin and eyes and is poisonous if ingested.
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