Zea perennis
Zea perennis
perennial teosinte
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Common Names
perennial teosinte
Context
nativeRegion
Native to central and western Mexico.
usdaZones
8–11 (not tolerant of prolonged freezing temperatures).
companionPlants
Other warm-season grasses, Sunflowers (Helianthus spp.), Beans (Phaseolus spp.)
culturalUses
Studied as a potential perennial grain and forage crop; valued genetically for perennial traits that can improve maize breeding.
Care
Care Requirements
LightFull sun is optimal for best growth and vigor.
WateringRequires regular watering during the growing season; prefers moist but well-drained soil.
SoilThrives in fertile, loamy soil with good drainage and moderate organic matter.
FertilizerBenefits from balanced, nitrogen-rich fertilizer at planting and during active growth.
HumidityPrefers moderate to high humidity but is tolerant of a range of conditions if water is consistent.
TemperatureGrows best in warm temperatures between 18–30°C (65–86°F); sensitive to frost.
Growth & Life Cycle
HabitPerennial, clump-forming grass with upright stems.
Mature SizeTypically reaches 1.5–3 meters (5–10 feet) in height.
Growth RateRapid growing during the warm season.
BloomingProduces tassel-like inflorescences in late summer; wind-pollinated.
DormancyDies back in winter but regrows from rhizomes each spring.
Propagation
MethodsDivision of rhizomes, Seed (challenging due to sterility in some lines)
DifficultyModerate; division is most successful, while viable seed may be limited.
Best SeasonSpring or early summer for division or planting.
Maintenance & Notes
PruningRemove dead stems or spent foliage in late winter or early spring.
RepottingNot required unless grown in containers; divide clumps every 3–5 years to prevent overcrowding.
Pests & DiseasesGenerally resistant but may occasionally attract grasshoppers, aphids, or suffer fungal leaf spots.
ToxicityNon-toxic to humans and livestock.
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