Bougainvillea spectabilis

Great Bougainvillea

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Taxonomy

Family Nyctaginaceae · Genus Bougainvillea

Common Names

Great BougainvilleaPaper Flower

Context

nativeRegion

Native to South America, primarily Brazil, Peru, and Argentina.

usdaZones

USDA zones 9–12

companionPlants

Hibiscus, Plumbago, Jasmine, Lantana

culturalUses

Widely used as an ornamental plant in gardens, on trellises, fences, and as a decorative hedge. Bracts often used in floral arrangements; symbolic of welcome and hospitality in various cultures.

Care

Care Requirements

LightFull sun is ideal; requires at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day for best blooming.

WateringAllow soil to dry between waterings; prefers deep but infrequent watering. Drought-tolerant once established.

SoilWell-draining soil, preferably sandy or loamy; tolerates poor soils but does not like waterlogged conditions.

FertilizerFeed with balanced fertilizer every 4–6 weeks during the growing season for optimal growth and flowering.

HumidityPrefers moderate humidity but is generally tolerant of dry conditions.

TemperatureThrives in warm climates; best between 18–32°C (65–90°F). Sensitive to frost.

Growth & Life Cycle

HabitWoody vine or sprawling shrub with thorny stems; often grown as a climber or pruned into a bush or tree shape.

Mature SizeUp to 3–12 m (10–40 ft) depending on support and pruning.

Growth RateFast-growing, especially in warm conditions.

BloomingAbundant bracts in vibrant colors (magenta, purple, pink, red, white, orange) surround small, inconspicuous true flowers, blooming mainly in spring and summer, but can bloom throughout the year in suitable climates.

DormancyMinimal dormancy; may reduce growth and flowering in cooler or dry periods.

Propagation

MethodsSoftwood cuttings, Semi-hardwood cuttings, Layering

DifficultyModerate

Best SeasonLate spring to early summer

Maintenance & Notes

PruningPrune after each bloom cycle to maintain shape, remove dead wood, and encourage reblooming.

RepottingRepot young plants every 2–3 years or as needed; mature plants can be refreshed with top-dressing if grown in containers.

Pests & DiseasesGenerally pest-resistant but may experience aphids, spider mites, or caterpillars. Root rot can occur in overly wet soils.

ToxicityMildly toxic; sap and thorns may cause skin irritation. Not highly poisonous to humans or pets.

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