Nelumbo nucifera

Nelumbo nucifera

Sacred lotus

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Taxonomy

Common Names

Sacred lotusIndian lotusBean of IndiaLotus

Context

nativeRegion

Asia, particularly India, China, and Southeast Asia.

usdaZones

4–10 (with protection in colder zones, overwinter underground).

companionPlants

Nymphaea (water lily), Iris pseudacorus (yellow flag iris), Caltha palustris (marsh marigold)

culturalUses

Sacred symbol in Hinduism/Buddhism; edible rhizomes/seeds; ornamental in water gardens.

Care

LightFull sun is essential for optimal growth and flowering.

WateringRequires consistently wet or shallow submerged conditions; best grown in ponds or water gardens.

SoilRich, loamy soil with organic matter; submerged or muddy soils preferred.

FertilizerMonthly application of aquatic plant fertilizer during the growing season.

HumidityHigh humidity environments ideal; thrives in naturally humid climates.

TemperaturePrefers warm temperatures: 22–35°C (72–95°F); not frost-tolerant.

HabitAquatic perennial herb with floating leaves and emergent flowering stems.

Mature SizeLeaves up to 60 cm in diameter; flower stalks up to 1.5 m tall.

Growth RateFast-growing under optimal, warm, and wet conditions.

BloomingFlowers from late spring to summer, depending on climate.

DormancyDormant in winter, rhizomes survive underwater mud.

MethodsRhizome division, Seed

DifficultyModerate; rhizome division is easiest, seed germination requires scarification.

Best SeasonEarly spring for rhizome division; late spring for seed sowing.

PruningRemove yellowing leaves, spent flowers, and excess foliage to promote health.

RepottingRepot or divide every 2-3 years or when overcrowded.

Pests & DiseasesMonitor for caterpillars, aphids, water snails, and fungal rot; generally resilient.

ToxicityNon-toxic to humans and animals; some parts are edible.

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