Pelargonium hortorum

Zonal Geranium

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Taxonomy

Common Names

Zonal GeraniumGarden GeraniumHorseshoe Geranium

Context

nativeRegion

Hybrid origin, derived primarily from South African species.

usdaZones

9-11 (grown as annual or overwintered indoors in cooler zones).

companionPlants

Marigold, Petunia, Salvia, Alyssum

culturalUses

Popular ornamental bedding and container plant; used for bright color displays and sometimes as a scented leaf in teas or potpourri.

Care

LightFull sun to partial shade; best flowering in at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day.

WateringAllow the top inch of soil to dry between waterings; water deeply but avoid waterlogging. Reduce watering in winter.

SoilWell-drained, fertile soil; prefers slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0-7.0).

FertilizerFeed with a balanced liquid fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season; reduce frequency in winter.

HumidityAverage home humidity; tolerates drier air but avoid excessive humidity to reduce risk of fungal diseases.

TemperatureThrives in 65-75°F (18-24°C); protect from frost and prolonged temperatures below 50°F (10°C).

HabitBushy, herbaceous perennial often grown as an annual bedding plant.

Mature Size30-60 cm tall and wide (12-24 inches).

Growth RateFast-growing, especially in warm conditions.

BloomingBlooms spring to fall with clusters of pink, red, white, purple, or bi-colored flowers.

DormancyCan become semi-dormant in winter, especially in colder climates or under low light.

MethodsStem cuttings, Seed

DifficultyEasy, especially from cuttings.

Best SeasonLate spring to early summer for cuttings; spring for seeds.

PruningDeadhead spent flowers to encourage blooming; pinch back stems to promote bushiness.

RepottingRepot annually or when rootbound, preferably in spring.

Pests & DiseasesWatch for whiteflies, aphids, spider mites, and fungal leaf spots; good air circulation helps prevent disease.

ToxicityMildly toxic to pets if ingested; may cause gastrointestinal upset or dermatitis.

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