Bougainvillea glabra

paperflower

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Taxonomy

Common Names

paperflowerlesser bougainvilleasmooth bougainvillea

Context

nativeRegion

Eastern South America, primarily Brazil.

usdaZones

9-11

companionPlants

Plumbago, Jasmine, Mandevilla, Lantana

culturalUses

Popular ornamental for fences, arbors, containers, and hedges; iconic in tropical and subtropical landscapes.

Care

LightFull sun for at least 6 hours daily; tolerates partial shade but flowers less.

WateringAllow soil to dry between waterings; drought tolerant once established. Avoid waterlogging.

SoilWell-drained, fertile soil with slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.5 to 6.5).

FertilizerFeed with balanced fertilizer monthly during growing season; avoid excess nitrogen.

HumidityPrefers moderate humidity but adapts well to dry conditions.

TemperatureThrives in warm climates; optimal range 21–30°C. Sensitive to frost.

HabitVigorous, woody climbing vine or shrub with thorny stems.

Mature SizeUp to 3-12 meters (10-40 feet) in height and spread if unpruned.

Growth RateFast growing under ideal conditions.

BloomingBlooms mainly in spring and summer; colorful bracts surround tiny white flowers.

DormancyMild winter dormancy; growth slows in cooler months.

MethodsStem cuttings, Layering, Seeds (less common)

DifficultyEasy from cuttings; high success rate.

Best SeasonLate spring to early summer.

PruningPrune after flowering to maintain shape and promote bushiness; remove dead wood regularly.

RepottingRepot every 2–3 years if container-grown; prefers slightly root-bound conditions.

Pests & DiseasesGenerally pest-resistant; susceptible to aphids, caterpillars, powdery mildew, and root rot in soggy soil.

ToxicityMild irritation from sap possible; not considered highly toxic.

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