Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Chinese hibiscus
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Common Names
Chinese hibiscusShoeblackplantTropical hibiscusRose mallow
Context
nativeRegion
Southeast Asia, likely southern China; widely cultivated and naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions.
usdaZones
9–11 (can be grown as an annual or houseplant elsewhere).
companionPlants
Plumbago, Bougainvillea, Croton, Lantana
culturalUses
Ornamental garden shrub; flowers used in teas and hair care in some cultures, and as the national flower of Malaysia and state flower of Hawaii.
Care
Care Requirements
LightPrefers full sun to partial shade; at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily for best blooms.
WateringKeep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged; water when the top inch of soil is dry.
SoilWell-draining, fertile soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.0).
FertilizerFeed monthly during active growth (spring-summer) with a balanced or slightly higher potassium fertilizer.
HumidityThrives in high humidity; mist leaves if grown indoors or in dry climates.
TemperatureOptimal temperature is 60–90°F (16–32°C); protect from frost and cold drafts.
Growth & Life Cycle
HabitEvergreen shrub or small tree; upright and bushy form.
Mature Size3–10 feet (0.9–3 m) tall, 2–6 feet (0.6–1.8 m) wide depending on cultivar and conditions.
Growth RateModerate to fast growth under optimal conditions.
BloomingBlooms profusely from spring to fall; individual flowers last 1–2 days, but new buds open continually.
DormancyMinimal dormancy in warm climates; may drop leaves and reduce blooming in cooler or winter conditions.
Propagation
MethodsStem cuttings, Air layering, Seed (less common)
DifficultyEasy to moderate (stem cuttings are most reliable).
Best SeasonSpring to early summer.
Maintenance & Notes
PruningPrune for shape and to remove dead wood after blooming or in early spring.
RepottingRepot every 2–3 years or when rootbound; best done in spring.
Pests & DiseasesSusceptible to aphids, spider mites, whiteflies, and fungal diseases if overwatered or poorly ventilated.
ToxicityGenerally non-toxic to humans and pets.
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