Vitis vinifera
Vitis vinifera
Common Grape Vine
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Common Names
Common Grape VineWine Grape
Context
nativeRegion
Mediterranean Basin, Central Europe, and southwestern Asia.
usdaZones
5–9 (varies with cultivar and rootstock).
companionPlants
Roses (as disease indicators), Garlic, Chives, Clover
culturalUses
Cultivated since antiquity for fresh fruit, wine, raisins, and juice; significant economic and cultural importance.
Care
Care Requirements
LightFull sun for optimal fruit production; at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
WateringModerate; water deeply but infrequently. Allow soil to dry slightly between waterings. Reduce watering in dormancy.
SoilWell-draining loam or sandy soil; slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.5-7).
FertilizerBalanced fertilizer during the growing season; avoid excessive nitrogen for better fruiting.
HumidityPrefers moderate humidity; tolerates dry conditions but avoid overly humid or wet sites to reduce disease risk.
TemperatureGrows best in temperate to warm climates; frost-sensitive, especially in spring.
Growth & Life Cycle
HabitDeciduous, woody perennial vine; vigorous climber with tendrils.
Mature SizeUp to 15–20 m long (with support); typically pruned much smaller in cultivation.
Growth RateFast-growing under suitable conditions.
BloomingSmall, inconspicuous greenish flowers in late spring to early summer; followed by grape clusters.
DormancyWinter dormant, shedding leaves in late autumn.
Propagation
MethodsSeeds, Cuttings (hardwood/softwood), Grafting
DifficultyEasy to moderate; hardwood cuttings are most common for true-to-type plants.
Best SeasonLate winter to early spring for cuttings; autumn for seed sowing.
Maintenance & Notes
PruningAnnual pruning essential for fruit production; performed in late winter while dormant.
RepottingRarely necessary except for container-grown vines; repot in late winter or early spring.
Pests & DiseasesSusceptible to downy mildew, powdery mildew, grape berry moth, phylloxera, and other fungal and insect pests.
ToxicityNon-toxic to humans; seeds and leaves are edible. However, grapes are toxic to dogs and cats.
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