Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea
spinach
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Taxonomy
Family Amaranthaceae · Genus Spinacia
Common Names
spinach
Context
nativeRegion
Central and Southwestern Asia.
usdaZones
Annual in all zones; prefers 2–9 for spring/fall crops.
companionPlants
Radishes, Strawberries, Cabbage, Carrots
culturalUses
Major leafy green in global cuisines, high in iron and vitamins; used in salads, cooked dishes, and traditional medicines.
Care
Care Requirements
LightFull sun is ideal, though partial shade is tolerated, especially in warmer climates.
WateringConsistent moisture is required; soil should be kept evenly moist but not waterlogged.
SoilPrefers rich, well-draining soil with high organic matter; pH 6.5-7.5.
FertilizerLight feeder; use balanced fertilizer or compost before planting if needed.
HumidityTolerates average humidity; avoid hot, humid conditions to prevent bolting.
TemperatureGrows best in cool temperatures: 4–24°C (40–75°F); heat can cause bolting.
Growth & Life Cycle
HabitAnnual leafy vegetable.
Mature Size15–30 cm (6–12 in) tall, with a similar spread.
Growth RateFast; matures in 4–6 weeks from sowing.
BloomingRarely flowers before harvesting; flowering signals end of edible leaf stage (bolting).
DormancyNo true dormancy; grown as a cool-season annual.
Propagation
MethodsSeed
DifficultyEasy
Best SeasonEarly spring or fall (cool season).
Maintenance & Notes
PruningHarvest outer leaves regularly; no formal pruning required.
RepottingNot typically grown in pots, but can be transplanted when young if needed.
Pests & DiseasesSusceptible to leaf miners, aphids, downy mildew, and fungal diseases.
ToxicityNon-toxic to humans and pets.
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