Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa
lettuce
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Taxonomy
Family Asteraceae · Genus Lactuca
Common Names
lettucegarden lettuce
Context
nativeRegion
Believed native to the Mediterranean region.
usdaZones
2–11 (cultivated as an annual in nearly all zones).
companionPlants
Carrots, Radishes, Onions, Beets
culturalUses
Major food crop eaten raw in salads or cooked; valued for its tender leaves; cultivated since ancient times.
Care
Care Requirements
LightFull sun to partial shade; at least 6 hours of sunlight per day.
WateringKeep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged; avoid overhead watering to reduce disease risk.
SoilLoose, well-draining, fertile soil with a pH of 6.0-6.8.
FertilizerIncorporate compost before planting and side-dress with a balanced fertilizer during growth.
HumidityModerate humidity is preferred; avoid prolonged high humidity to prevent fungal disease.
TemperatureCool-season crop; optimal growth between 10-20°C (50-68°F).
Growth & Life Cycle
HabitAnnual, low-growing leafy rosette.
Mature Size20-30 cm tall, 20-35 cm spread depending on cultivar.
Growth RateFast-growing; harvest in 30-70 days depending on type and cultivar.
BloomingRarely blooms when harvested for leaves; will bolt and flower when temperatures rise or days lengthen.
DormancyNo true dormancy, but will bolt and decline in hot weather.
Propagation
MethodsSeeds
DifficultyEasy
Best SeasonSpring and fall in temperate climates.
Maintenance & Notes
PruningHarvest outer leaves as needed or cut entire heads at maturity.
RepottingRarely required, as it is typically grown as an annual and replanted each season.
Pests & DiseasesWatch for aphids, snails, slugs, and fungal diseases like downy mildew and lettuce drop.
ToxicityNon-toxic to humans and pets.
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